更改yum镜像源——使用阿里云镜像

sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

替换文件内容为以下

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - Aliyun
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - Aliyun
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - Aliyun
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - Aliyun
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

保存并退出编辑器，然后清理并重建yum缓存

sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache

安装mysql仓库

mkdir ~/mysqlrepo
cd ~/mysqlrepo
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

#更新 YUM 缓存，以确保系统能够识别新添加的 MySQL 仓库：

sudo yum -y update
sudo yum install mysql-server
#临时跳过 GPG 检查 如果安装报gpg不通过，可以临时用跳过gpg的方法解决
#sudo yum install -y --nogpgcheck mysql-community-server

#启动和管理 MySQL 服务
sudo systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

获取初始密码，并重置密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -u root -p


ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

新增用户用于远程连接

CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;